Research progress on cognitive impairment and intervention in patients with depression / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Depression is one of the most common mental disorders, which can be accompanied by cognitive symptoms in addition to core symptoms.With the improvement of the awareness of the disease, people pay more attention to the cognitive symptoms of depression. The cognitive impairment of patients not only appears in the onset of the disease, but also persists during the remission of the disease, which has a negative impact on the patients’ social function. Some cognitive assessment tools such as cognitive tests, event-related potential(ERP) and eye movement tracking technology have been used to assess cognitive impairment in patients with depression, which show that there are multidimensional cognitive impairments. Some therapeutic methods such as exercise therapy, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS) and drug therapy have shown the potential to improve the cognitive function of patients with depression. This article reviews related researches in recent years to explore the cognitive impairment and therapeutic methods of patients with depression.

Applications of neurofeedback training in cognitive rehabilitation / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Cognitive impairment is a common dysfunction after central nervous system disease or injury, which seriously affects the daily life of patients and brings heavy economic burdens to the family and society. Neurofeedback training (NFT) based on electroencephalography (EEG) is a non-invasive method of neuroregulation, which can improve cognitive function and behavior by autonomously adjusting brain function through feedback. This paper reviews the application of EEG signal-based neurofeedback training in cognitive rehabilitation, and discusses the current problems and future development trends in this field, so as to provide new ideas for clinical research and treatment of cognitive disorders.

Progress of event-related potential P300 in children with neurological diseases and cognitive impairment / 国际儿科学杂志

Children′s neurological diseases can cause problems in structure and function of the brain, which is often accompanied by cognitive impairment.They have a great influence on children′s intellectual development and social life, so assessing cognitive function earlier is particularly significant.Event-related potential(ERP)P300 is an important electrophysiological technique in clinical practice.Compared with other evaluation methods, P300 has the advantages of objective, repeatable and non-invasive.P300 has a good effect in the assessment of children with neurological diseases and cognitive impairment, which provides a reference for clinical diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.This article reviews the research progress of P300 in children with common neurological diseases and cognitive impairment, in order to improve the understanding of clinical workers.

The Objective Assessment of Event-Related Potentials: An Influence of Chronic Pain on ERP Parameters / 神经科学通报·英文版

The article presents an original method for the automatic assessment of the quality of event-related potentials (ERPs), based on the calculation of the coefficient ε, which describes the compliance of recorded ERPs with some statistically significant parameters. This method was used to analyze the neuropsychological EEG monitoring of patients suffering from migraines. The frequency of migraine attacks was correlated with the spatial distribution of the coefficients ε, calculated for EEG channels. More than 15 migraine attacks per month was accompanied by an increase in calculated values in the occipital region. Patients with infrequent migraines exhibited maximum quality in the frontal areas. The automatic analysis of spatial maps of the coefficient ε demonstrated a statistically significant difference between the two analyzed groups with different means of migraine attack numbers per month.

The Application of P300-Long-Latency Auditory-Evoked Potential in Parkinson Disease

Abstract Introduction Parkinson disease (PD) is a degenerative and progressive neurological disorder characterized by resting tremor, stiffness, bradykinesia, and postural instability. Despite the motor symptoms, PD patients also consistently show cognitive impairment or executive dysfunction. The auditory event-related potential P300 has been described as the best indicator of mental function, being highly dependent on cognitive skills, including attention and discrimination. Objective To review the literature on the application and findings of P300 as an indicator of PD. Data Analysis The samples ranged from 7 to 166 individuals. Young adult and elderly male patients composed most study samples. The Mini-Mental State Examination test, the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale, and the Hoehn and Yahr Scale were used to assess neurological and cognitive function. In terms of testing hearing function, few studies have focused on parameters other than the P300. The factors we focused on were how the P300 was modified by cognitive effects, its correlation with different PD scales, the effect of performing dual tasks, the effect of fatigue, and the influence of drug treatments. Conclusion The use of the P300 appears to be an effective assessment tool in patients with PD. This event-related potential seems to correlate well with other neurocognitive tests that measure key features of the disease.

Research and Prospect of Visual Event-Related Potential in Traumatic Brain Injury and Visual Function Evaluation / 法医学杂志

Visual event-related potential (ERP) is an electrophysiological technique that objectively reflects the cognitive processing of stimulus from the perspective of detecting and recording neural electrophysiology responses using different paradigms of visual stimuli. Its endogenous components are closely related to advanced psychological activities. This article introduces the characteristics of main endogenous components including visual mismatch negativity (vMMN), N200 and P300, reviews the research progress of visual ERP in the sequelae of brain injury and objective evaluation of visual function, and prospects the application prospect of visual ERP in the field of forensic medicine.

Evaluation of Visual Acuity of Ametropia with Visual Event-Related Potential Nogo-P3 Component / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To analyze the Nogo-P3 component of event-related potential (ERP) in the process of visual acuity processing, to provide electrophysiological evidence for objective evaluation of visual acuity.@*METHODS@#Twenty-six subjects with no other ocular diseases except for ametropia were recruited, and all subjects had uncorrected visual acuity both eyes 1/10 (evaluated using Monoyer chart). Block letter E with different visual angles and directions were used as graphic stimuli. The Go/Nogo paradigm was used for ERP studies. The visual angle of Go stimulation angle was 1°15', Nogo stimuli were 1°15', 55', 24' and 15'. The visual acuity test was performed on each of the two naked eyes separately in all subjects, and the characteristics of the Nogo-P3 component were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#The latency of Nogo-P3 showed no difference between the stimuli of 1°15' and 55', and between Nogo stimulation angle 24' and 15'. There was significant difference between Nogo stimulation angle 1°15' and 24', and between Nogo stimulation angle 1°15' and 15' (P<0.05). There was significant difference between Nogo stimulation angle 55' and 24', and between Nogo stimulation angle 55' and 15' (P<0.05). No significant differences were observed in the Nogo-P3 amplitude among Nogo stimulation.@*CONCLUSIONS@#In the Go/Nogo paradigm, Nogo-P3 can reflect the cognitive response of subjects to Nogo stimulation, which can be used for objective evaluation of visual acuity.

Relationship between cognitive function and brain event-related potentials in patients with lacunar cerebral infarction / 中国综合临床

Objective:To investigate the relationship between cognitive function and brain event-related potential in patients with lacunar cerebral infarction.Methods:A total of 464 patients with lacunar cerebral infarction admitted to the Department of Neurology, Kailuan General Hospital from 2014 to 2019 were prospectively selected as observation subjects (case group). According to mini-mental state examination (MMSE) score, the patients in the case group were divided into 352 cases of lacunar cerebral infarction with normal cognition and 112 cases of mild cognitive impairment. At the same time, 100 healthy volunteers were selected as the control group. All subjects were assessed by simple intelligent mental state, Zung self-rating anxiety scale, Zung self-rating depression scale and brain event-related potential P3a and P3b. The measurement data of normal distribution adopts one-way ANOVA, the measurement data of non normal distribution adopts Kruskal Wallis H test, and the counting data adopts χ2. Multivariate statistical analysis was performed by unconditional Logistics (stepwise method). Results:The proportions of smokers in control group, lacunar cerebral infarction cognitive normal group and lacunar cerebral infarction mild cognitive impairment group were 20.00% (20/100), 38.07% (134/352) and 46.42% (52/112), respectively. The proportions of drinkers were 18.00% (18/100), 33.24% (117/352), 33.93% (38/112), respectively. The proportions of hypertension were 38.00% (38/100), 58.24% (205/352), 59.82% (67/112), respectively. The proportions of hyperhomocysteinemia were 19.00% (19/100), 34.00% (120/352) and 68.75% (77/112), respectively, and the differences among the three groups were statistically significant ( χ2 values were 15.66, 7.91, 11.86 and 54.57, respectively; P<0.001, 0.019, 0.003, <0.001). The peak latency CZ leads of visual P3b wave group N2 were (271.48±40.65), (285.67±44.08) and (290.57±68.41) ms, respectively. PZ leads were (276.70±50.92), (287.86±43.28) and (312.16±62.75) ms. P3b peak latency FZ leads were (392.67±42.50), (405.82±52.43) and (410.34±64.27) ms. CZ leads were (395.04±42.44), (412.51±55.86) and (433.28±66.32) ms. PZ leads were (398.24±40.93), (411.17±49.48) and (435.78±67.69) ms. N2 amplitude CZ leads were (-3.99±2.81), (-3.60±3.00) and (-2.70±2.37) μV, PZ leads were (-3.18±2.69), (-2.91±2.62) and (-1.87±2.89) μV, respectively. Leads P3b amplitude of FZ were 5.27 (3.27, 7.40), 4.21 (2.31, 6.49) and 3.12 (1.61, 5.08) μV. CZ leads were 4.81 (2.78, 6.71), 4.15 (2.76, 6.16) and 3.51 (1.75, 5.15) μV. PZ leads were 5.17 (3.03, 6.97), 4.40 (2.89, 6.12) and 3.43 (1.52, 5.34) μV. There were statistically significant differences among the 3 groups ( F=3.29, 14.49, 3.95, 11.73, 14.06, 5.66 and 3.57, H=18.23, 10.33,18.25; P=0.027, <0.001, 0.025, <0.001, <0.001, 0.004, 0.042, <0.001, 0.006, <0.001). The peak latency FZ leads of visual P3a wave group N2 were 265.00 (256.00, 286.00), 277.00(260.00,300.00), 282.00(270.00,304.00) ms, respectively. CZ leads weres 274.00(255.00,305.00), 285.00(262.00,329.00), 293.50(270.00,346.00) ms. P3a peak latency FZ leads were (413.83±49.58), (429.83±55.38) and (449.04±54.79) ms, CZ leads were (441.53±61.78), (457.12±69.29) and (460.23±72.24) ms. PZ leads were (430.14±54.53), (462.31±69.2) and (470.02±74.92) ms. N2 amplitude FZ leads were (-6.34±3.13), (-5.72±2.96) and (-4.92±2.05) μV, respectively. Leads P3a amplitude of FZ were 4.00 (2.28, 5.55), 3.15 (2.14, 4.91) and 2.80 (2.19, 4.19) μV. CZ lead were 3.37 (1.98, 4.66), 2.73 (1.70, 3.97) and 2.41 (1.64, 3.45) μV. There were statistically significant differences among the three groups ( H=13.92, 8.65, 9.17, 10.02, F=8.18, 6.33, 10.73, 4.62, P =0.001,0.013,0.010,0.007, <0.001,0.002, <0.001,0.010). Logistic regression analysis showed that alcohol consumption, P3b peak latency and wave amplitude PZ lead, N1 wave amplitude of visual P3a group FZ lead were the influencing factors of MMSE ( OR=0.04, 1.01, 0.76, 1.51, 95% Cl were 0.00-0.30, 1.00-1.03, 0.59-0.97, 1.08-2.10, P=0.002,0.007,0.029,0.016). Conclusion:The peak latency and amplitude of endogenous psychological cognitive potentials N2, P3b and P3a of event-related potentials P3b and P3a in patients with lacunar cerebral infarction were prolonged and decreased. At the same time, with the occurrence of clinical cognitive impairment, the peak latency and amplitude of these cognitive potentials were further prolonged and decreased more significantly. Alcohol consumption, P3b peak latency and PZ lead of visual P3b wave group, and FZ lead of N1 wave of visual P3a wave group were the influencing factors of simple intelligent mental state.

Study on event-related potential P300 in patients with chronic insomnia combined with anxiety and depression / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To explore the clinical significance of event-related potential P300 in the diagnosis and treatment of cognitive function in patients with chronic insomnia combined with anxiety and depression.Methods:Sixty patients with chronic insomnia complicated with anxiety and depression treated in Wuhan First Hospital from October 2020 to March 2021 were selected as the observation group, and 60 healthy volunteers were selected as the control group in the same period.Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA) and Hamilton depression scale (HAMD) were used to evaluate the anxiety and depression status of patients.Mini mental state examination (MMSE) and Montreal cognitive assessment scale (MoCA) were used to evaluate the cognitive function of the subjects.All subjects were tested for P300 event-related potential, and the latency and amplitude of P300 event-related potential were recorded.SPSS 25.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Independent sample t-test was used for comparison between groups.Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between cognitive function and P300 event-related potential. Results:The scores of HAMA ((16.65±5.10), (9.30±4.42)) and HAMD ((18.07±3.97), (8.48±3.21)) in the observation group were higher than those in the control group ( t=8.438, 14.545, both P<0.05), and the MoCA score (22.35±4.25) was lower than that(25.65±2.29) in the control group ( t=-5.291, P<0.05). In the eight dimensions of MoCA, the scores of visual space and executive ability ((3.38±1.46), (4.63±0.69)), naming ((2.37±0.78), (2.65±0.48)), language ((2.17±0.96), (2.53±0.81)) and delayed recall ((2.58±1.45), (4.17±0.85))in the observation group were lower than those in the control group ( t=-5.991, -2.394, -2.259, -7.292, all P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the latencies of P300 (N1, N2, P3) in the observation group were significantly prolonged ( t=3.281, 4.342, 4.492, all P<0.01). The latencies of P300 (N1, N2, P3) were positively correlated with HAMD score ( r=0.242, 0.301, 0.311, all P<0.05). The latencies of P300 (N2, P3) were positively correlated with HAMA score ( r=0.205, 0.207, both P<0.05). The latencies of P300 (N2, P3) were negatively correlated with the delayed recall score of MoCA ( r=-0.197, -0.236, both P<0.05). Conclusion:There are different degrees of cognitive impairment in patients with chronic insomnia combined with anxiety and depression.P300 in patients with chronic insomnia combined with anxiety and depression shows prolonged latency.P300 latency is related to depression, anxiety and cognition in patients with chronic insomnia combined with anxiety and depression.Event-related potential P300 may be used as a neurophysiological objective evaluation tool for cognitive impairment in patients with chronic insomnia combined with anxiety and depression.

Visual attention impairment in patients with cerebral small vessel disease: an event-related potential P3 study / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To investigate the value of event-related potential (ERP) P3 in the assessment of visual attention impairment in patients with cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD).Methods:Twenty-five patients with CSVD diagnosed in the Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University from July 2019 to December 2020 were selected as the CSVD group, while 25 healthy subjects who underwent physical examination in the same period were selected as the control group.The neuropsychological evaluation of CSVD group and control group was carried out by Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), 7-items generalized anxiety disorder (GAD-7) and patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Magnetic resonance imaging brain white matter high signal of CSVD group and control group was carried out by Fazekas score.The amplitude and latency of ERP component P3 were measured by visual tristimulation Oddball experimental paradigm.SPSS 23.0 software was used for statistical analysis.The differences of amplitude and latency between the two groups were compared by repeated measurement analysis of variance.Pearson or Spearman correlation analysis were used to explore the correlation between P3 amplitude, latency and related scale scores.Results:(1)In the amplitude of P3, the interaction effect between group and stimulation was significant( F(2, 96)=3.922, P=0.023). The main effect between groups was significant( F(1, 46)=15.976, P<0.01). The main effect of stimulation was significant( F(2, 96)=86.212, P<0.01). Further simple effect analysis showed that compared with the control group((9.82±5.14)μV, (11.12±4.72)μV) the P3 amplitude induced by target stimulation ((6.59±4.22)μV, F(1, 48)=7.363, P=0.009) and novel stimulation ((7.08±3.91)μV, F(1, 48)=13.907, P=0.001) in CSVD group decreased significantly.(2)In the latency of P3, the main effect between groups was significant( F(1, 48)=4.870, P=0.032). The main effect of stimulation was significant( F(2, 96)=86.212, P<0.01). The interaction effect between group and stimulation was significant( F(2, 96)=4.561, P=0.013). The main effect of stimulation was significant( F(2, 96)=16.299, P<0.01). Further simple effect analysis showed that the P3 latency induced by novel stimulation in CSVD group was longer than that in control group( F(1, 48)=17.124, P<0.01). (3)P3 amplitude induced by target stimulation was positively correlated with MoCA score ( r=0.255, P=0.027). The P3 amplitude ( r=-0.502, P<0.01) and P3 latency ( r=-0.265, P=0.022) induced by novel stimulation were negatively correlated with Fazekas score. Conclusion:The speed and ability of patients with CSVD to process visual spatial information are impaired, especially for rare stimulation.ERP examination may be a rapid, objective and sensitive method for the diagnosis of visual attention impairment in patients with CSVD.

The value of event-related potential P300 for diagnosing cognitive impairment after stroke / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To observe the utility of event-related potential P300 in diagnosing post-stroke cognitive impairment.Methods:Forty-nine stroke survivors at high risk of cognitive impairment formed the observation group, while 54 healthy volunteers were the control group. General clinical data and Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA) scores were compiled for all of the subjects, and the two groups′ P300 latencies, amplitudes and mean reaction times (MRTs) were compared. A total MoCA score <26 (corrected for education level) was taken as the diagnostic criterion for cognitive impairment. The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was employed to analyze the diagnostic efficacy of P300 for post-stroke cognitive impairment and determine the diagnostic cutoff.Results:(1) The average MoCA score, P300 latency and P300 MRT of the observation group were all significantly different from the control group′s averages. There was, however, no significant difference between the two groups′ median P300 amplitudes. (2) According to the ROC curve analysis, the diagnostic limit of P300 latency was 376.50ms. With the area under the curve 0.795, sensitivity was 70.8% and specificity was 78.9%. The diagnosis cut-off value of P300 MRT was 423.35ms, with the area under the curve 0.695, giving a sensitivity of 80.0% and a specificity of 52.6%.Conclusions:Event-related potential P300 has useful efficacy in diagnosing post-stroke cognitive impairment.

Semantic and orthographic processing characters in Chinese school-age children / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To explore the developmental characteristics of Chinese semantic and orthographic processing in normal school-age children by event-related potential (ERP) technique.Methods:Children aged 7-11 in an ordinary primary school in Changzhou were randomly selected and divided into 7-year old group ( n=21 ), 8-year old group ( n=21), 9-year old group ( n=19), 10-year old group ( n=20) and 11- year old group ( n=22) according to their age.ERP was recorded while subjects completed the Chinese character semantic activation task and pseudo word judgment task. Then the N400 and P200 amplitudes of school-age children under the conditions of semantic correlation, semantic uncorrelation and pseudo word judgment were collected, and the data were analyzed by three factors mixed design ANOVA.Data of behavioral accuracy and response time were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni correction was used for multiple hypothesis testing. The statistical software was SPSS 25.0. Results:(1)Behavioral results: the accuracy of semantic related and semantic unrelated tasks of children in the five groups aged 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 were statistically significant ( F=15.55, 4.01, both P<0.01), and the accuracy of children in the 7-year old group was significantly lower than those in the other four groups (all P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the accuracy of pseudo word judgment task among the five groups ( F=0.68, P=0.609). The response time of children in the five groups under semantic related and semantic unrelated tasks was significantly different ( F=3.90, 3.13, both P<0.05). The response time of the 11-year old group under semantic related tasks was significantly shorter than those of the 7-, 8- and 9-year old groups (all P<0.05). The response time of the 7-year old and 11-year old groups under semantic unrelated tasks was significantly shorter than those of the 8-, 9- and 10-year old groups (all P<0.05). (2)ERP results: N400 amplitudes of 7-, 8-, 9-, 10- and 11-year old children under semantic related tasks were significantly smaller than those under semantic unrelated tasks and pseudo word judgment tasks (all P<0.05). The N400 amplitude of the subjects gradually decreased with the increase of age, except that there was no statistical difference between the 10-year old and 11-year old groups under the semantic related task, between the 8-year old and 9-year old groups under the semantic unrelated task and the pseudo word judgment task, and between the 10-year old and 11-year old groups (all P>0.05), there were statistical differences between the other age groups (all P<0.05). P200 amplitude of semantic related task at 7-, 8-, 9- and 10-year old was significantly higher than that at semantic unrelated task (all P<0.05), and the amplitude of semantic related task at 7-, 8-, 10- and 11-year old was significantly higher than that at pseudo word judgment (all P<0.05). The amplitude of P200 gradually increased with age, and there were significant differences in pairwise comparison among other age groups ( P<0.05), except semantic related task and unrelated task among 7-, 8- and 9-year old groups, between 10- and 11-year old groups, and pseudo word task between 7- and 8- years old groups, 10- and 11- year old groups (all P>0.05). Conclusion:The semantic processing and orthographic processing of school-age children develop with age in a unique way. The age of 7 is an important period for cognitive development of Chinese language.The age of 8-9 may be a sensitive period for the development of brain plasticity, and the development slows down at the age of 10-11.

Investigation of P300 evoked by Stroop Color Word Task in children with emotional neglect / 四川精神卫生

ObjectiveTo investigate the P300 evoked by Stroop Color Word Task in children with emotional neglect, and to explore their implication for inhibition control. MethodsA cluster sampling was conducted for the first grade students of a middle school in Sanmenxia City, Henan Province. The students from 3 classes were assessed by standard Raven reasoning test and Child Neglect Scale (CNS), and a total of 147 eligible students were screened out. Children were divided into the emotional neglect group (n=40) and the control group (n=40) according to the 27% before and after the score of CNS emotional neglect factor. Both groups completed the Stroop Color word task, and EEG data were collected to compare the response time, accuracy, amplitude and latency of P300 between the two groups. ResultsThe CNS total score and the scores of safety neglect, communication neglect, physical neglect and emotional neglect factors in the emotional neglect group were significantly higher than those in control group (t=15.003, 4.301, 11.495, 4.803, 23.957, P<0.01). The average reaction time in the incongruent task of emotional neglect group was significantly longer than that in the control group [(879.02±101.52) ms vs. (756.93±113.91) ms, t=5.061, P<0.01]. Under incongruent task, the average amplitude of P300 in emotional neglect group was lower than that of the control group [(3.97±1.12) μV vs. (8.71±1.24) μV, t=-17.976, P<0.01]. The average latency of P300 of emotional neglect group was longer than that of the control group [(361.81±39.69) ms vs. (301.35±33.67) ms, t=7.346, P<0.01]. ConclusionUnder incongruent task, children with emotional neglect had longer response time, longer latency and lower amplitude of P300， which suggested that children with affective neglect may have inhibition and control disorder.

Application of event-related potential P300 in the evaluation of cognitive dysfunction in patients with traumatic brain injury / 四川精神卫生

ObjectiveTo explore the application value of event-related potential P300 in the evaluation of cognitive dysfunction in patients with traumatic brain injury. MethodsFrom January to September 2021， a total of 36 patients with traumatic brain injury who were conservatively treated in the Neurosurgery Department of the Third Hospital of Mianyang and met the diagnostic criteria were selected as the experimental group. And 36 participants were recruited from the family members and carers of other patients in the hospital as the control group. Oddball paradigm was used to measure the event-related potential P300. Montreal Cognitive Assessment （MoCA） and Mini-Mental State Examination （MMSE） were used to assess the cognitive function of the subjects. The latency and amplitude of P300， MoCA and MMSE scores were compared between two groups. The detection rates of P300 latency， MoCA and MMSE on cognitive dysfunction in patients with traumatic brain injury were compared. ResultsMoCA and MMSE scores in experimental group were lower than those in control group ［（18.08±4.29） vs. （27.36±1.20）， （22.53±3.54） vs. （28.11±1.09）， t=-12.510， -9.041， P<0.05］. The latency of P300 in experimental group was higher than that in control group ［（406.08±26.95）ms vs. （367.08±22.50）ms， t=6.665， P<0.05］， and the amplitude was lower than that in control group ［（7.76±0.90）μV vs.（9.87±0.99）μV， t=-9.459， P<0.05］. In experimental group， the positive detective rate of P300 latency and MoCA on cognitive dysfunction were higher than that in MMSE （χ2=5.675， 7.604， P<0.05）. ConclusionEvent-related potential P300 can be used as an objective clinical indicator for evaluating cognitive dysfunction in patients with traumatic brain injury.

sLORETA Source Localization in Dyslexic Children during Different Congruency of Visual Images: P300 Component Analysis (Sumber aktiviti sLORETA dalam kalangan Kanak-kanak Disleksia dalam Stimulasi Imej Visual yang Berbeza Kesesuaian Konteks: Komponen P300 Analisis) / Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia

@#The question of whether dyslexic children have visual cognitive differences in terms of brain activity as compared to normal children remains unsolved. Here, we aimed to study the neuronal source activity during visual attentional processing reflected in the P300 Event-Related Potential (ERP) component, when being exposed to the different congruency of visual images on dyslexic children by utilizing an ERP. Twelve dyslexic and twelve non-dyslexic children in the range of age 8 to 11 years old took part in this study. They pressed button ‘1’ when they saw a congruence image of the animal in its natural habitat and button ‘2’ for incongruence animal images in non-natural habitat. The source localization of P300 was executed on the grand average waveform by utilising Standardised Low-Resolution Brain Electromagnetic Tomography (sLORETA) algorithm provided by Net Station software. The BA 19 of the left occipital lobe was the most activated during congruence and incongruence images in the dyslexic children. As for the control children, BA 18 and BA 17 of the occipital lobe were activated during congruence and incongruence images, respectively. In sum, there were no differences in source activity areas during both visual images in dyslexic children as compared to the control children, which brings us to a conclusion that the visual attentional activity in dyslexic children used the brain areas that are associated with visual characteristics rather than context differences.

Event-related potential for cognitive function research: a visual analysis / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To investigate the development, hot spots and trends of event-related potentials for cognitive function research. Methods The literatures about application of event-related potentials in cognitive function research from 2011 to 2021 in CNKI and Web of Science core collection database were retrieved. The countries, authors, institutions, cited reference and keywords were extracted with CiteSpace to draw knowledge mapping. Results The most of researches came from the United States. For China, the author published the most researches was Zhan Xianghong, and the institute was the West China Mental Health Center of Sichuan University; the keywords such as P300 and depression were the most frequent, and researches focused on Alzheimer's disease, depression and schizophrenia, etc., which tended to use negative correlation changes of event-related potentials. Internationally, the author publishing the most researches was christian beste, and the institute was University of California, San Diego. The keywords such as attention and electroencephalograph were the most frequent, and researches focused on Alzheimer's disease and bipolar disorder, etc., which tended to focus on the P300 theta oscillation. Conclusion The application of event-related potential in cognitive function remains heat, to explore the cognitive dysfunction after various diseases.

A spatial-temporal hybrid feature extraction method for rapid serial visual presentation of electroencephalogram signals / 生物医学工程学杂志

Rapid serial visual presentation-brain computer interface (RSVP-BCI) is the most popular technology in the early discover task based on human brain. This algorithm can obtain the rapid perception of the environment by human brain. Decoding brain state based on single-trial of multichannel electroencephalogram (EEG) recording remains a challenge due to the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and nonstationary. To solve the problem of low classification accuracy of single-trial in RSVP-BCI, this paper presents a new feature extraction algorithm which uses principal component analysis (PCA) and common spatial pattern (CSP) algorithm separately in spatial domain and time domain, creating a spatial-temporal hybrid CSP-PCA (STHCP) algorithm. By maximizing the discrimination distance between target and non-target, the feature dimensionality was reduced effectively. The area under the curve (AUC) of STHCP algorithm is higher than that of the three benchmark algorithms (SWFP, CSP and PCA) by 17.9%, 22.2% and 29.2%, respectively. STHCP algorithm provides a new method for target detection.

Comparison of ASSR, ABR and 40 Hz AERP Response Thresholds at Different Frequencies and Their Forensic Applications / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To explore the relationship between the frequency characteristics and response threshold of auditory steady-state response (ASSR), auditory brainstem response (ABR) and 40 Hz auditory event related potential (40 Hz AERP), and their application values in forensic medicine.@*METHODS@#Thirty volunteers with normal hearing (60 ears) were selected to perform pure tone audiometry (PTA) threshold and ASSR, ABR and 40 Hz AERP response threshold tests in the standard sound insulation shielding room, and the results were statistically analyzed by SPSS 22.0 software.@*RESULTS@#At 0.5 kHz and 1.0 kHz frequencies, the correlation between 40 Hz AERP response threshold and PTA threshold was good, which was better than that of ASSR and ABR response threshold. At 2.0 kHz and 4.0 kHz frequencies, the correlation between ASSR and ABR response thresholds and PTA threshold was good, which was better than that of 40 Hz AERP response threshold.@*CONCLUSIONS@#To evaluate the hearing at 0.5 kHz and 1.0 kHz frequencies, it is recommended to use 40 Hz AERP and ASSR to comprehensively assess the PTA threshold of the subjects. To evaluate the hearing at 2.0 kHz and 4.0 kHz frequencies, ABR and ASSR are recommended to assess the PTA threshold of subjects comprehensively. The combination of ASSR, ABR and 40 Hz AERP can improve the accuracy of hearing function evaluation.

Fronto-Temporal N200 Event-Related Component in Dyslexic Malay Children During Audio–Visual Paired Stimuli

@#Introduction: Shifted attention can be studied in paired stimuli using different experimental paradigms. Pre-existing literatures showed that children with dyslexia have difficulty in learning. Hence, there might be a relationship between learning difficulty and shifted attention. We investigated shifted attention and topographic distribution of the N200 component using audio–visual paired stimuli in an event-related potential (ERP) study among dyslexic Malay children. Methods: A 128 ERP net designed for children was used for the study. A total of 24 age-matched children were divided into control (n=12) and dyslexic (n=12) groups. A modified audio–visual paired stimuli paradigm was used for the ERP study. Congruent (animal-matched sound) and incongruent (animal-not matched sound) stimuli were used. All participants were instructed to press key ‘1’ and ‘2’ when congruent and incongruent stimuli are presented, respectively. Amplitudes and latencies of the N200 ERP component were analysed at 19 electrode locations in the 10-20 system. A topographic map was analysed for the N200 component for both groups. Results: There was no significant differences in the N200 amplitudes and latencies between children with dyslexia and control children at any sites. The topographic map distribution revealed that the dyslexic group had right frontal and left temporal N200 voltage distribution during the incongruent stimuli. Conclusion: We conclude that Malay children with dyslexia have no difficulties/intact in shifted attention. Moreover, children with dyslexia have diverted left temporal areas during auditory sound attention.

Cognitive impairment in children with benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a prospective study / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the difference in cognitive impairment between the children with benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECT) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and those with BECT or ADHD alone.@*METHODS@#A prospective study was performed on 80 children with BECT and ADHD, 91 children with BECT, and 70 children with ADHD , who were diagnosed with the diseases for the first time. Seventy children of the same age who underwent physical examination were enrolled as the healthy control group. Event-related potential P300, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, and integrated visual and auditory continuous performance test were used to measure and compare each index between groups.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the healthy control group, the BECT+ADHD group, the BECT group, and the ADHD group had a significantly prolonged P300 latency, a significant reduction in the amplitude of P300, and significant reductions in the scores of verbal comprehension index (VCI), perceptual reasoning index (PRI), working memory index (WMI), processing speed index (PSI), full scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ), auditory response control quotient (ARCQ), visual response control quotient, full response control quotient (FRCQ), auditory attention quotient (AAQ), visual attention quotient, and full attention quotient (@*CONCLUSIONS@#Compared with the children with BECT or ADHD alone, the children with both BECT and ADHD have basically the same fields of cognitive impairment but a higher degree of cognitive impairment in some fields.